用户名/密码认证

认证用户的最常见方式之一是通过验证用户名和密码。Spring Security 为用户名和密码认证提供了全面的支持。

您可以使用以下方式配置用户名和密码认证

简单的用户名/密码示例

Java
XML
Kotlin

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		http
			.authorizeHttpRequests((authorize) -> authorize
				.anyRequest().authenticated()
			)
			.httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults())
			.formLogin(Customizer.withDefaults());

		return http.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		UserDetails userDetails = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build();

		return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(userDetails);
	}

}

<http>
	<intercept-url pattern="/**" access="authenticated"/>
	<form-login />
	<http-basic />

	<user-service>
		<user name="user"
			password="{noop}password"
			authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	</user-service>
</http>

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		http {
			authorizeHttpRequests {
				authorize(anyRequest, authenticated)
			}
			formLogin { }
			httpBasic { }
		}

		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		val user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build()

		return InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user)
	}

}

上述配置会自动向 SecurityFilterChain 注册一个内存中的 UserDetailsService，向默认的 AuthenticationManager 注册 DaoAuthenticationProvider，并启用表单登录和 HTTP Basic 认证。

要了解更多关于用户名/密码认证的信息，请考虑以下用例

我想了解表单登录的工作原理
我想了解 HTTP Basic 认证的工作原理
我想了解 DaoAuthenticationProvider 的工作原理
我想在内存中管理用户
我想在数据库中管理用户
我想在 LDAP 中管理用户
我想发布一个 AuthenticationManager bean 用于自定义认证
我想自定义全局的 AuthenticationManager

发布 `AuthenticationManager` bean

一个相当常见的需求是发布一个 AuthenticationManager bean，以便进行自定义认证，例如在 @Service 或 Spring MVC @Controller 中使用。例如，您可能想通过 REST API 认证用户，而不是使用表单登录。

您可以使用以下配置为自定义认证场景发布此类 AuthenticationManager

为自定义认证发布 AuthenticationManager bean

Java
XML
Kotlin

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		http
			.authorizeHttpRequests((authorize) -> authorize
				.requestMatchers("/login").permitAll()
				.anyRequest().authenticated()
			);

		return http.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(
			UserDetailsService userDetailsService,
			PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder) {
		DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService);
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder);

		return new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);
	}

	@Bean
	public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		UserDetails userDetails = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build();

		return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(userDetails);
	}

	@Bean
	public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();
	}

}

<http>
	<intercept-url pattern="/login" access="permitAll"/>
	<intercept-url pattern="/**" access="authenticated"/>

	<bean id="authenticationManager"
			class="org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager">
		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider">
				<property name="userDetailsService" ref="userDetailsService" />
				<property name="passwordEncoder" ref="passwordEncoder" />
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>

	<user-service id="userDetailsService">
		<user name="user"
			password="{noop}password"
			authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	</user-service>

	<bean id="passwordEncoder"
			class="org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories" factory-method="createDelegatingPasswordEncoder"/>
</http>

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		http {
			authorizeHttpRequests {
				authorize("/login", permitAll)
				authorize(anyRequest, authenticated)
			}
		}

		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun authenticationManager(
			userDetailsService: UserDetailsService,
			passwordEncoder: PasswordEncoder): AuthenticationManager {
		val authenticationProvider = DaoAuthenticationProvider()
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService)
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder)

		return ProviderManager(authenticationProvider)
	}

	@Bean
	fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		val user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build()

		return InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user)
	}

	@Bean
	fun passwordEncoder(): PasswordEncoder {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder()
	}

}

完成上述配置后，您可以创建使用 AuthenticationManager 的 @RestController，如下所示

创建用于认证的 @RestController

Java
Kotlin

@RestController
public class LoginController {

	private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

	public LoginController(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
		this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
	}

	@PostMapping("/login")
	public ResponseEntity<Void> login(@RequestBody LoginRequest loginRequest) {
		Authentication authenticationRequest =
			UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.unauthenticated(loginRequest.username(), loginRequest.password());
		Authentication authenticationResponse =
			this.authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationRequest);
		// ...
	}

	public record LoginRequest(String username, String password) {
	}

}

@RestController
class LoginController(val authenticationManager: AuthenticationManager) {

	@PostMapping("/login")
	fun login(@RequestBody loginRequest: LoginRequest): ResponseEntity<Void> {
		val authenticationRequest =
			UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.unauthenticated(
				loginRequest.username, loginRequest.password)
		val authenticationResponse =
			authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationRequest)
		// ...
	}

	data class LoginRequest(val username: String, val password: String)

}

在此示例中，如果需要将已认证用户保存到 SecurityContextRepository 中，则由您负责。例如，如果使用 HttpSession 在请求之间持久化 SecurityContext，您可以使用 HttpSessionSecurityContextRepository。

自定义 `AuthenticationManager`

通常，Spring Security 内部构建的 AuthenticationManager 由一个 DaoAuthenticationProvider 组成，用于用户名/密码认证。在某些情况下，仍然可能需要自定义 Spring Security 使用的 AuthenticationManager 实例。例如，您可能需要简单地为缓存用户禁用凭据擦除。

为此，您可以利用 Spring Security 用于构建全局 AuthenticationManager 的 AuthenticationManagerBuilder 被发布为 bean 的事实。您可以按照如下方式配置 builder

配置全局 AuthenticationManagerBuilder

Java
Kotlin

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		// ...
		return http.build();
	}

	@Bean
	public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		// Return a UserDetailsService that caches users
		// ...
	}

	@Autowired
	public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder builder) {
		builder.eraseCredentials(false);
	}

}

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		// ...
		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		// Return a UserDetailsService that caches users
		// ...
	}

	@Autowired
	fun configure(builder: AuthenticationManagerBuilder) {
		builder.eraseCredentials(false)
	}

}

或者，您可以配置一个本地的 AuthenticationManager 来覆盖全局的 AuthenticationManager。

为 Spring Security 配置本地 AuthenticationManager

Java
XML
Kotlin

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
		http
			.authorizeHttpRequests((authorize) -> authorize
				.anyRequest().authenticated()
			)
			.httpBasic(Customizer.withDefaults())
			.formLogin(Customizer.withDefaults())
			.authenticationManager(authenticationManager());

		return http.build();
	}

	private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager() {
		DaoAuthenticationProvider authenticationProvider = new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService());
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder());

		ProviderManager providerManager = new ProviderManager(authenticationProvider);
		providerManager.setEraseCredentialsAfterAuthentication(false);

		return providerManager;
	}

	private UserDetailsService userDetailsService() {
		UserDetails userDetails = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build();

		return new InMemoryUserDetailsManager(userDetails);
	}

	private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();
	}

}

<http authentication-manager-ref="authenticationManager">
	<intercept-url pattern="/**" access="authenticated"/>
	<form-login />
	<http-basic />

	<bean id="authenticationManager"
			class="org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager">
		<constructor-arg>
			<bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.dao.DaoAuthenticationProvider">
				<property name="userDetailsService" ref="userDetailsService" />
				<property name="passwordEncoder" ref="passwordEncoder" />
			</bean>
		</constructor-arg>
	</bean>

	<user-service id="userDetailsService">
		<user name="user"
			password="{noop}password"
			authorities="ROLE_USER" />
	</user-service>

	<bean id="passwordEncoder"
			class="org.springframework.security.crypto.factory.PasswordEncoderFactories" factory-method="createDelegatingPasswordEncoder"/>
</http>

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.invoke

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
class SecurityConfig {

	@Bean
	fun securityFilterChain(http: HttpSecurity): SecurityFilterChain {
		http {
			authorizeHttpRequests {
				authorize(anyRequest, authenticated)
			}
			formLogin { }
			httpBasic { }
			authenticationManager = authenticationManager()
		}

		return http.build()
	}

	@Bean
	fun authenticationManager(): AuthenticationManager {
		val authenticationProvider = DaoAuthenticationProvider()
		authenticationProvider.setUserDetailsService(userDetailsService())
		authenticationProvider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder())

		val providerManager = ProviderManager(authenticationProvider)
		providerManager.eraseCredentialsAfterAuthentication = false

		return providerManager
	}

	private fun userDetailsService(): UserDetailsService {
		val user = User.withDefaultPasswordEncoder()
			.username("user")
			.password("password")
			.roles("USER")
			.build()

		return InMemoryUserDetailsManager(user)
	}

	private fun passwordEncoder(): PasswordEncoder {
		return PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder()
	}

}

用户名/密码认证

发布 AuthenticationManager bean

自定义 AuthenticationManager

本节摘要

发布 `AuthenticationManager` bean

自定义 `AuthenticationManager`