Spring Bean 和依赖注入
您可以自由使用任何标准的 Spring Framework 技术来定义您的 Bean 及其注入的依赖项。我们通常建议使用构造器注入来连接依赖项,并使用 `@ComponentScan` 来查找 Bean。
如果您按照上述建议构建代码(将应用程序类放在顶级包中),则可以添加@ComponentScan
(无需任何参数)或使用隐式包含它的@SpringBootApplication
注解。所有应用程序组件(@Component
、@Service
、@Repository
、@Controller
等)都会自动注册为 Spring Bean。
以下示例显示了一个@Service
Bean,它使用构造器注入来获取所需的RiskAssessor
bean
-
Java
-
Kotlin
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class MyAccountService implements AccountService {
private final RiskAssessor riskAssessor;
public MyAccountService(RiskAssessor riskAssessor) {
this.riskAssessor = riskAssessor;
}
// ...
}
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
@Service
class MyAccountService(private val riskAssessor: RiskAssessor) : AccountService
如果一个 bean 有多个构造函数,您需要使用@Autowired
标记 Spring 要使用的构造函数。
-
Java
-
Kotlin
import java.io.PrintStream;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class MyAccountService implements AccountService {
private final RiskAssessor riskAssessor;
private final PrintStream out;
@Autowired
public MyAccountService(RiskAssessor riskAssessor) {
this.riskAssessor = riskAssessor;
this.out = System.out;
}
public MyAccountService(RiskAssessor riskAssessor, PrintStream out) {
this.riskAssessor = riskAssessor;
this.out = out;
}
// ...
}
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
import java.io.PrintStream
@Service
class MyAccountService : AccountService {
private val riskAssessor: RiskAssessor
private val out: PrintStream
@Autowired
constructor(riskAssessor: RiskAssessor) {
this.riskAssessor = riskAssessor
out = System.out
}
constructor(riskAssessor: RiskAssessor, out: PrintStream) {
this.riskAssessor = riskAssessor
this.out = out
}
// ...
}
请注意,使用构造器注入可以让riskAssessor 字段标记为final ,表示它不能被后续修改。 |